Musculoskeletal Articles

Diffusion-Weighted Imaging of the Appendicular Skeleton with a Non?Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill Single-Shot Fast Spin-Echo Sequence
Oner, A.Y., et al. - The objective of our study was to prospectively evaluate the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) improvement in diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) of the appendicular skeleton with the use of a newly developed non–Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (non-CPMG) single-shot fast spin-echo (SSFSE) sequence and to evaluate its effect on apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements [more...]

American Journal of Roentgenology, 11/30/07

Musculoskeletal Infection: Role of CT in the Emergency Department
Fayad, L.M., et al. - Specific imaging features exist that help identify the numerous forms of infection in the bones and soft tissues, and CT is invaluable for detecting deep complications of cellulitis and pinpointing the anatomic compartment that is involved by an infection. Although all patients with musculoskeletal infection will require treatment with antibiotics, CT helps guide therapy toward emergency surgical debridement in cases of necrotizing fasciitis and toward percutaneous drainage in cases of abscess formation [more...]

Radiographics, 11/29/07

Early Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Review of MRI and Sonographic Findings
Boutry, N., et al. - The introduction of anti–tumor necrosis factor agents has opened new prospects in therapeutic management of patients with early rheumatoid arthritis, thereby creating new demands on radiologists to identify patients with aggressive disease at an early stage...This article illustrates the imaging findings that may be encountered with these techniques in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis [more...]

American Journal of Roentgenology, 11/29/07

Cyclops Lesions That Occur in the Absence of Prior Anterior Ligament Reconstruction
Runyan, B.R., et al. - MR imaging showed a well-defined, somewhat heterogeneous soft-tissue nodule with a signal intensity typically similar to that of skeletal muscle. The authors suspect that the cause of cyclops lesions that occur in the absence of ACL reconstruction is similar to that suggested in the classic postoperative patient. Cyclops syndrome should be suspected in any patient in whom an ACL nodule is identified at MR imaging, and similarly a cyclops nodule should be considered as a possible cause of loss of extension in any patient who has sustained ACL injury [more...]

Radiographics, 11/29/07

Lumbar Spine Fusion and Stabilization: Hardware, Techniques, and Imaging Appearances
Rutherford, E.E., et al. - Computed tomography and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging may be useful alternatives, but MR imaging of the postoperative spine is vulnerable to metal-induced artifacts. For an accurate postoperative assessment of spinal instrumentation and of any complications, it is important that radiologists be familiar with the normal imaging appearances of the lumbar spine after stabilization, fusion, and disk replacement with various techniques and devices [more...]

Radiographics, 11/29/07

Management of Chronic Low Back Pain: Rationales, Principles, and Targets of Imaging-guided Spinal Injections
Fritz, J., et al. - The use of controlled and comparative injections helps maximize the reliability of the test results. After a symptomatic structure has been identified, therapeutic spinal injections may be administered as an adjunct to conservative management, especially in patients with inoperable conditions. Therapeutic injections also may help hasten the recovery of patients with persistent or recurrent pain after spinal surgery [more...]

Radiographics, 11/29/07

Finger tendon disease in untreated early rheumatoid arthritis: A comparison of ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging
Wakefield, R.J., et al. - This is the first study to compare US and MRI for the detection of tenosynovitis in the fingers of patients with early untreated RA. Tenosynovitis was found to be common using both modalities, with MRI being more sensitive. A negative US scan does not exclude inflammation and an MRI should be considered. Further work is recommended to standardize definitions and image acquisition for both US and MRI images [more...]

Arthritis Care and Research , 11/28/07

Distinctive spinal changes in two patients with unusual forms of autosomal dominant endosteal hyperostosis
Kaissi, A.A., et al. - Endosteal hyperostosis was encountered in a 26-year-old-man and his 6-month-old daughter. Both the father and his daughter presented with fractures. Odontoid process hyperplasia, and progressive sclerosis of the posterior spinal elements, was the other significant features. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first clinical report describing distinctive spinal changes in association with fractures and endosteal hyperostosis [more...]

BMC Medical Imaging , 11/28/07

An Automatic Model-based System for Joint Space Measurements on Hand Radiographs: Initial Experience
Peloschek, P., et al. - This ethics committee–approved pilot study was performed with informed consent. A Web-based service that was developed for automated measurement of joint space and automatic analysis of radiographs was tested prospectivel [more...]

Radiology, 11/27/07

Radiographic classification of osteoarthritis in commonly affected joints of the foot
Menz, H.B., et al. - Radiographic features of OA in commonly affected foot joints can be documented with high levels of agreement within examiners and moderate levels of agreement between examiners. Provided single examiners or consensus gradings are used, the atlas appears to be a useful tool to assist in the standardization of foot OA assessment for epidemiological and clinical studies [more...]

Osteoarthritis and Cartilage , 11/27/07

Mechanical properties during healing of Achilles tendon ruptures to predict final outcome
Schepull, T., et al. - There are presently few methods described for in vivo monitoring of the mechanics of healing human tendon ruptures, and no methods for prediction of clinical outcome. We tested if Roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis (RSA) can be used to follow the restoration of mechanical properties during healing of ruptured Achilles tendons, and if early measurements can predict clinical results...We conclude that the RSA method might have potential for comparing different treatments of Achilles tendon ruptures [more...]

BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 11/27/07

Power Doppler and spectral Doppler measurements of knee-joint synovitis in rheumatoid arthritis patients with superficial pattern signals and in those with deep pattern signals
Kasukawa, R., et al. - Power Doppler and spectral Doppler ultrasonography were used to scan 127 knee joints of 72 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Synovial effusion thickness and synovial proliferation (pannus) thickness, as well as the flow signal diameter, were measured on ultrasonogram prints of the power Doppler using digital calipers. In addition, color-flow signal grades on power Doppler and the resistance index (RI) values on spectral Doppler were evaluated [more...]

Modern Rheumatology, 11/27/07

The Effect of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scans on Knee Arthroscopy: Randomized Controlled Trial
Bridgman, S., et al. - We found no effect of MRI on the decision to perform arthroscopy or patient outcome. Performing MRI in patients already on the waiting list for arthroscopy may not be effective in reducing utilization of surgery [more...]

Arthroscopy, 11/27/07

Comparison of in-office magnetic resonance imaging versus conventional radiography in detecting changes in erosions after one year of infliximab therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Gaylis, N.B., et al. - The objective of this study was to compare standard hand radiographs with in-office 0.2 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in monitoring response to therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who were receiving infliximab, to evaluate the frequency and location of erosions, and to determine if there were differences in outcome based on disease duration at baseline [more...]

Modern Rheumatology, 11/26/07

Dorsal intramedullary spinal epidermoid cysts
Rafael, C., et al. - Intramedullary epidermoid cysts of the spinal cord are rare tumors, especially those not associated with spinal dysraphism. About 50 cases have been reported in the literature. Of these, only seven cases have had magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies. We report two cases of spinal intramedullary epidermoid cysts with MR imaging. Both were not associated with spina bifida [more...]

Indian Journal of Orthopaedics, 11/26/07

Ultrasonographic Evaluation in Plantar Fasciitis
Karabay, N., et al. - The heels of 23 patients who were diagnosed with unilateral/bilateral plantar fasciitis were evaluated via ultrasonography and compared with their asymptomatic feet and a control group of 23 people. Plantar fascial thickness, echogenity, and heel pad thickness were evaluated, and the results were statistically analyzed. For symptomatic feet, increased thickness of the fascia and reduced echogenity were constant ultrasonographic findings (mean, 4.79 mm for symptomatic feet; 2.17 mm for control group, P < .05) [more...]

The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery, 11/26/07 Free Full Text

Recurrent Symptoms after Shoulder Instability Repair: Direct MR Arthrographic Assessment?Correlation with Second-Look Surgical Evaluation
Probyn, L.J., et al. - Direct MR arthrography is accurate (91.9%) for assessing labral pathologic conditions and other internal derangements of the shoulder in patients with recurrent or residual signs and/or symptoms after prior shoulder instability repair [more...]

Radiology, 11/21/07

MRI of enthesitis of the appendicular skeleton in spondyloarthritis
Eshed, I., et al. - Entheses are sites where tendons, ligaments, joint capsules or fascia attach to bone. Inflammation of the entheses (enthesitis) is a well-known hallmark of spondyloarthritis (SpA). As entheses are associated with adjacent, functionally related structures, the concepts of an enthesis organ and functional entheses have been proposed [more...]

Annals of Rheumatic Diseases, 11/21/07

Complete fatty degeneration of lumbar erector spinae muscles caused by a primary dysferlinopathy
Seror, P., et al. - Magnetic resonance imaging of the thoracolumbar spine showed complete fatty degeneration of the lumbar erector spinae muscles in a woman who had complained of chronic lower back pain for 5 years and of progressive weakness of the lower limbs for 1 year. Neuromuscular examination of the lower limbs showed no obvious anomaly, and there was no camptocormia [more...]

Muscle & Nerve, 11/21/07

Osteomyelitis: Antigranulocyte Scintigraphy with 99mTc Radiolabeled Monoclonal Antibodies for Diagnosis?Meta-Analysis
Pakos, E.E., et al. - To perform a meta-analysis of the sensitivity and specificity of antigranulocyte scintigraphy with monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) in the diagnosis of osteomyelitis across different patient groups and clinical settings...Antigranulocyte scintigraphy with MoAbs has a sensitivity of 81% and a specificity of 77% in the diagnosis of osteomyelitis [more...]

Radiology, 11/20/07

Idiopathic osteonecrosis of the second metatarsal head
Mifune, Y., et al. - Idiopathic necrosis of the second metatarsal head is quite unusual in adults. We present a rare case of idiopathic osteonecrosis of the second metatarsal head in an adult via magnetic resonance imaging, which enabled an early diagnosis of the necrosis before osteochondral deformity could develop. This case is noteworthy due to its rarity and its successful nonoperative treatment [more...]

Clinical Imaging, 11/19/07

Bone and Soft-Tissue Sarcoma: Preoperative Staging with Fluorine 18 Fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT and Conventional Imaging
Tateishi, U., et al. - To retrospectively compare the diagnostic accuracy of positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT), PET, conventional imaging, and combined PET/CT and conventional imaging for tumor staging of bone and soft-tissue sarcomas, by using histologic or follow-up imaging findings as the reference standard... The combination of PET/CT and conventional imaging is accurate in preoperative staging of bone and soft-tissue sarcoma [more...]

Radiology, 11/19/07

Primary intraosseous paraganglioma of the sacrum
Laufer, I., et al. - Only two cases of primary intraosseous sacral paragangliomas were reported in the past. We believe that paragangliomas should be included in the differential diagnosis of intraosseous sacral tumors. Optimal treatment of the lesions can be difficult because of their hypervascular nature and the high morbidity associated with complete surgical resection. Treatment should combine preoperative embolisation, surgical resection if possible, and radiation therapy [more...]

The Spine Journal, 11/19/07

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Measurement of the Contralateral Normal Meniscus Is a More Accurate Method of Determining Meniscal Allograft Size Than Radiographic Measurement of the Recipient Tibial Plateau
Prodromos, C.C., et al. - Human knee menisci are bilaterally symmetric in size. Direct MRI measurement of the contralateral intact meniscus better predicts actual meniscal size than estimation of size indirectly from measurement of the tibial plateau on which it is located. We, therefore, propose contralateral MRI meniscal measurement as a new gold standard to size menisci before transplantation [more...]

Arthroscopy, 11/19/07

Quantitative and Diffusion MR Imaging as a New Method To Assess Osteoporosis
Hatipoglua, H.G., et al. - An inverse relationship between BMD and T1 and T2 signal intensities and a direct relationship between diffusion and ADC values were present in this pilot group. The T1/diffusion signal-intensity ratio could be a reliable diagnostic indicator of osteoporosis [more...]

American Journal of Neuroradiology, 11/19/07

Primary retroperitoneal extraskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma: a computed tomography diagnosis
Taori, K., et al. - Mesenchymal chondrosarcomas, although very rare compared with conventional chondrosarcomas, are one of the few primary malignant tumours of bone that sometimes also arise in the soft tissues [more...]

British Journal of Radiology, 11/16/07

Arthroscopic Assisted Resection of Juxta-articular Osteoid Osteoma
Morbidi, M., et al. - Osteoid osteoma is a benign tumor of bone. It affects teenagers and young adults and classically involves the diaphysis of long bones. A juxta-articular case of osteoid osteoma involving the distal epiphysis of the tibia misdiagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging and correctly addressed by computed tomography scan and bone scans is presented. In the present case, because the location of the disease was juxta-articular, arthroscopy was used to remove the tumor [more...]

The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery, 11/16/07 Free Full Text

Transarticular screw fixation using neuronavigation: Technique
Srinivas, D., et al. - The usefulness of spinal navigation has been supported by the available literature. Conventional techniques have reported screw error placement from 0-50% and neurological sequelae of 5% while in studies where image guidance was used, there has been a significant decrease in spinal screw misplacement (0-14%) with no clinical sequelae [more...]

Indian Journal of Orthopaedics, 11/16/07

Osteoid osteoma treated with percutaneous radiofrequency ablation: MR imaging follow-up
Lee, M.H., et al. - We evaluated follow-up magnetic resonance (MR) images for osteoid osteoma treated with percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA)...MR imaging demonstrated a characteristic appearance and subsequent changes of treated areas for osteoid osteoma following RFA [more...]

European Journal of Radiology, 11/15/07

Value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in rheumatoid arthritis
Zordo, T.D., et al. - The purpose of this review is to describe the spectrum of sonographic findings in rheumatic diseases with respect to the diagnostic potential using US contrast media which prove activity or inactivity in synovial tissue where new treatment regimes target [more...]

European Journal of Radiology, 11/15/07

Metastatic Carcinoma of the Long Bones
Riccio, A.I., et al. - Breast, prostate, renal, thyroid, and lung carcinomas commonly metastasize to bone. Managing skeletal metastatic disease can be complex. Pain is the most common presenting symptom and requires thorough radiographic and laboratory evaluation. If plain-film radiography is not sufficient for diagnosis, a bone scan may detect occult lesions [more...]

American Family Physician, 11/15/07 Free Full Text

Ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging, radiography and clinical assesment of inflammatory and destructive changes in fingers and toes of patients with psoriatic arthritis
Wiell, C., et al. - The aim in the present study was to assess ultrasonography (US) for detection of inflammatory and destructive changes in finger and toe joints, tendons and entheses in patients with psoriasis-associated arthritis (PsA), by comparison with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), conventional radiography (CR) and clinical findings [more...]

Arthritis Research & Therapy, 11/15/07

Is adiposity advantageous for bone strength? A peripheral quantitative computed tomography study in late adolescent females
Pollock, N.K., et al. - Whereas excess adiposity is presumed to be advantageous for the skeleton, studies investigating relations between bone strength and fat during youth have been equivocal...Excess weight in the form of fat mass does not provide additional benefits, and may potentially be negative, for adolescent bone [more...]

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 11/15/07

Diagnosis of medial tubercle fractures of the talar posterior process using oblique views
Ebraheim, N.A., et al. - Fracture of the medial tubercle of posterior process of talus is a very rare injury. Often, these fractures are not seen on the AP and lateral radiographs of the ankle joint resulting in them being misdiagnosed as an ankle sprain...Two oblique views at 45° and 70° of external rotation could identify the fractures of the posteromedial tubercle at all planes. These oblique views can be used before resorting to the CT scan [more...]

Injury, 11/15/07

Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics : Influence of anisotropy on peri-implant stress and strain in complete mandible model from CT
Liao, S.H., et al. - This paper reveals the influence of elastic anisotropy for the peri-implant stress and strain in personalized mandible. First, from CT data, the individual geometry of the complete range of mandible was well reproduced, also the separation between cortical and cancellous bone. Then, by an ad hoc automatic mesh generator integrated with anisotropic material assignment function, high quality anisotropic finite element model of the complete mandible was created, with two standard threaded implants embedded in posterior zone [more...]

Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics , 11/14/07

Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics : Size-invariant descriptors for detecting regions of abnormal growth in cervical vertebrae
Stanley, R.J., et al. - Digitized spinal X-ray images exhibiting specific pathological conditions such as osteophytes can be retrieved from large databases using Content Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) techniques. For efficient image retrieval, it is important that the pathological features of interest be detected with high accuracy. In this study, new size-invariant features were investigated for the detection of anterior osteophytes, including claw and traction in cervical vertebrae [more...]

Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics , 11/14/07

Reproducibility of Measuring the Shape and Three-Dimensional Position of Cervical Vertebrae in Upright Position Using the EOS Stereoradiography System
Rousseau, M.-A., et al. - To investigate reproducibility of the determination of the vertebral shape, position, and orientation of C3-C7 vertebrae in vivo using the EOS stereoradiography system...Overall reproducibility favorably compared with other imaging methods, whereas significant interobserver disagreements were narrow and partial [more...]

Spine, 11/14/07

A Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial of Patellar Resurfacing and Nonresurfacing in Bilateral TKA
Lachiewicz, P.F., et al. - We used aspirin and mechanical calf pneumatic compression for thromboembolism prophylaxis in 856 consecutive primary and revision total knee arthroplasties. Regional anesthesia was used in 97% of the procedures. Duplex ultrasonography was performed before discharge. We advised patients with calf thrombi to continue aspirin and have repeat duplex scans in 7 to 10 days. Patients with popliteal or femoral thrombi were given low-molecular-weight heparin and warfarin for 6 weeks [more...]

Clinical Orthopedics and Related Research, 11/14/07

Content analysis of general practitioner-requested lumbar spine X-ray reports
Thompson, P., et al. - X-rays of patients with lower back pain rarely show serious pathology but frequently reveal incidental age-related changes and always expose people to radiation. Patients who have X-rays are more satisfied but report worse pain and disability. Psychological factors such as illness beliefs, catastrophizing and fear avoidance have been shown to be predictors of chronicity/disability [more...]

British Journal of Radiology, 11/13/07

The association between patella alignment and knee pain and function: an MRI study in persons with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis
Kalichman, L., et al. - The findings of the present study suggest that increasing TA is associated with increased functional impairment. Other measures of PF malalignment were not significantly associated with either knee pain or functional impairment [more...]

Osteoarthritis and Cartilage , 11/13/07

Two year longitudinal change and test-retest-precision of knee cartilage morphology in a pilot study for the osteoarthritis initiative
Eckstein, F., et al. - FLASH, DESS and MPR-DESS all displayed adequate test–retest precision. Although the comparison between protocols is limited by the small number of participants and by the relatively small longitudinal change in cartilage morphology in this pilot study, the data suggest that significant change can be detected with MRI in a small sample of OA subjects over 2 years [more...]

Osteoarthritis and Cartilage , 11/13/07

The Accuracy and Validity of "Routine" X-rays in Estimating Lumbar Disc Arthroplasty Placement
Marshman, L.A.G., et al. - Nonrotated XR permitted an accurate and valid estimate of midline malplacement relative to CT in most cases. However, the correlation was biased toward XR underestimation of CT-derived malplacement, and highly significant XR-CT differences occurred in 6% of estimates: early postoperative CT is therefore recommended to enhance the estimation of midline placement [more...]

Spine, 11/13/07

Optimization of the fixed-flexion knee radiograph
Charles, H.C., et al. - Optimized radiographs for joint space width measurements are achieved without the need for fluoroscopy or foot maps...This method is readily understood and instituted by radiology technologists in the field [more...]

Osteoarthritis and Cartilage , 11/13/07

Unilateral hyperplasia of a cervical spinous process as a rare congenital variant of the spine
Heyer, C.M., et al. - Congenital variants of the cervical spine may mimic traumatic lesions and may cause recurrent episodes of pain. We report a 24-year-old female patient with chronic neck pain who had marked unilateral hyperplasia of the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra. CT and MRI clearly depicted the abnormality and, furthermore, ruled out posttraumatic spinal changes [more...]

Clinical Imaging, 11/13/07

Advances in Musculoskeletal Imaging and their Clinical Utility in the Early Diagnosis of Spondyloarthritis
Weber, U., et al. - Interest in imaging ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and related spondyloarthropathies has increased in recent years. MRI is regarded as the most sensitive imaging modality to detect early inflammatory lesions in the sacroiliac joints and in the spine. Standard radiography plays a major role in evaluating potential disease-modifying properties of the recently introduced, symptomatically effective anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha agents [more...]

Current Osteoporosis Reports, 11/13/07

Bone density and geometry in assessing hip fracture risk in post-menopausal women
Gnudi, S., et al. - We used femoral neck structural parameters (FNSPs), calculated from bone mineral density (BMD) measurements of the femoral neck by dual X-ray absorptiometry, to discriminate osteoporotic fractures of the proximal femur in post-menopausal women. We compared 1646 women without fracture and 429 women with hip fractures, including 273 with femoral neck (FN) and 156 with trochanter (TR) fractures [more...]

British Journal of Radiology, 11/09/07

Precision of Lunar Achilles+ bone quality measurements: time dependency and multiple machine use in field studies
Economos, C.D., et al. - Qualitative ultrasound (QUS) is a portable, safe and relatively inexpensive technique used to obtain information on bone mineral quality in adults and children. QUS measures bone stiffness index (SI) through the incorporation of speed of sound (SOS) and broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA). QUS technology may prove to be extremely useful in field research where more than one machine is used over different periods of time [more...]

British Journal of Radiology, 11/09/07

Mechanical Calf Compression and Aspirin Prophylaxis for Total Knee Arthroplasty
Lachiewicz, P.F., et al. - We used aspirin and mechanical calf pneumatic compression for thromboembolism prophylaxis in 856 consecutive primary and revision total knee arthroplasties. Regional anesthesia was used in 97% of the procedures. Duplex ultrasonography was performed before discharge. We advised patients with calf thrombi to continue aspirin and have repeat duplex scans in 7 to 10 days [more...]

Clinical Orthopedics and Related Research, 11/09/07

Biologic Augmentation of Rotator Cuff Tendon-Healing with Use of a Mixture of Osteoinductive Growth Factors
Rodeo, S,A., et al. - This study is the first, as far as we know, to demonstrate the possibility of increasing tissue formation in a tendon-bone gap with use of a biologic agent. It shows the importance of the use of magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate the repaired tendon, since the findings on gross observation and even histologic examination could easily be interpreted as representing an intact repair [more...]

Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 11/09/07

Endoscopic controlled intramedullary fracture reduction. A case report about closed fracture reduction under visual control
Oberst, M., et al. - Intramedullary bone endoscopy (IBE) was introduced as a new endoscopic technique in the year 2002 to achieve and manipulate the medullary canal of long bone under direct visual control. We report on a patient with a proximal femur fracture, where the new technique of IBE was used for intramedullary fracture reduction under visual control for the first time. Thus, the intraoperative use of an image intensifier was reduced [more...]

Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, 11/09/07

Averaged and Depth-Dependent Anisotropy of Articular Cartilage by Microscopic Imaging
Xia, Y., et al. - The ellipse model is a useful graphical concept in cartilage imaging since it helps to bring together the measured physical/morphological/chemical quantities in these imaging tools and the anisotropic structure of articular cartilage. Two possible mechanisms for the angular transition of collagen fibrils in cartilage are discussed [more...]

Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism, 11/09/07

A New Computed Tomography-Based Radiographic Method to Detect Early Loosening of Total Wrist Implants
Olivecrona, H., et al. - The results of this study demonstrate that CT volume registration holds promise to improve detection of movement of the carpal component at an earlier stage than is obtainable with plain radiography [more...]

Acta Radiologica, 11/08/07

Paradoxic Hypertrophy of the Sciatic Nerve in Adult Patients after Above-Knee Amputation
Kerimoglu, U., et al. - Paradoxic hypertrophy of nerve tissue at an amputation stump without neuroma formation rarely develops in young patients, in contrast to atrophy of the nerve in older patients. Herein, we present the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of adult patients (older than 20 years old) who underwent above-knee amputation, one of whom had a palpable mass suggesting a recurrent lesion [more...]

Acta Radiologica, 11/08/07

The Rotation Ratios Method: A Method to Describe Altered Pelvic Orientation in Sequential Radiographs
Foss, O.A., et al. - A method to describe pelvic rotations between pairs of standard sequential pelvic anteroposterior radiographs based on a pelvic phantom is described in a former study...A statistically significant difference of 8 mm between mean teardrop distance in females (120 mm) and males (112 mm) was found in the clinical material [more...]

Acta Radiologica, 11/08/07

Traction Versus Supine Side-bending Radiographs in Determining Flexibility: What Factors Influence These Techniques?
Watanabe, K., et al. - We evaluated a Cobb angle in standing position, patient age, the level of the apex, and the number of involved vertebrae in patients with AIS to determine whether the corrective ability of traction or side-bending radiographs was superior...In addition to a Cobb angle, patient age, the level of the apex, and the number of involved vertebrae also influence the conditions under which the corrective ability of traction radiographs is superior to that of side-bending radiographs [more...]

Spine, 11/08/07

A Case of Scapulothoracic Dissociation with Brachial Plexus Injury: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings
Lee, G.K., et al. - Scapulothoracic dissociation is defined as violent lateral or rotational displacement of the shoulder girdle from its thoracic attachments with severe neurovascular injury. We describe the radiographic and associated magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings of a case of scapulothoracic dissociation with brachial plexus injury in a 17-year-old man, and include a review of the relevant literature [more...]

Acta Radiologica, 11/08/07

Bone Cement Used as an Embolic Agent for Active Bleeding in Vertebroplasty of Metastatic Lesions
Baba, Y., et al. - We treated two cases of bleeding by injecting bone cement into tumor-feeding vessels of metastatic hypervascular tumors during a percutaneous vertebroplasty (PV) procedure. When the inner needle was pulled out after puncture of the metastatic vertebral tumor, active arterial bleeding from the outer needle cannula was noticed. Bleeding was not stopped by injection of Gelfoam particles through the cannula. Thus, bone cement was injected, which filled the tumor-feeding vessels, and bleeding stopped [more...]

Acta Radiologica, 11/08/07

Ultrasound versus Magnetic Resonance Arthrography in Acetabular Labral Tear Diagnostics: A Prospective Comparison in 20 Dysplastic Hips
Troelsen, A., et al. - The ability of US examination in diagnosing acetabular labral tears is not yet good enough. The technique is still to be developed, and more experience, especially with the interpretation of US examinations, is needed [more...]

Acta Radiologica, 11/08/07

CT and MRI of hip arthroplasty
Cahir, J.G., et al. - Plain films are the initial imaging method of choice for evaluation of hip arthroplasty. Recent advances in technology and imaging techniques have largely overcome the problems of beam hardening in computed tomography (CT) and magnetic susceptibility artefact in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). CT and MRI have now become useful imaging techniques in the assessment of hip arthroplasty [more...]

Clinical Radiology, 11/07/07

Two-stage operative strategy without local antibiotic treatment for infected hip arthroplasty: clinical and radiological outcome
Disch, A.C., et al. - Conclusion: Two-stage revision of the hip can be conducted without local antibiotic application, to achieve a comparatively efficient cure of the infection and function. This investigation underlines the significance of radical surgical debridement. The optional use of more effective antibiotic carriers may reduce the number of re-debridements in the future [more...]

Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, 11/06/07

Definition of the Target Sign and Its Use for the Diagnosis of Schwannomas
Koga, H., et al. - The target sign is one of the characteristic imaging findings in schwannomas that distinguishes it from other soft tissue tumors, but its definition has varied in past studies. We defined the characteristic target sign on MRI and clarified its sensitivity and specificity based on histology. Of the 199 schwannomas reviewed, 162 (81%) showed biphasic macroscopic and microscopic patterns of central Antoni A and peripheral Antoni B cells; 118 (59%) also showed a biphasic pattern on MRI [more...]

Clinical Orthopedics and Related Research, 11/06/07

Estimating the Dimensions of the Rotator Interval with Use of Magnetic Resonance Arthrography
Kim, K.-C., et al. - Conclusions: There are significant differences in the dimensions of the rotator interval between patients with and without recurrent anterior shoulder instability. Estimating the dimensions of the rotator interval with use of magnetic resonance arthrography may be valuable for assessing patients preoperatively [more...]

Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 11/06/07

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Renal Abnormalities in Patients with Congenital Osseous Anomalies of the Spine
Riccio, A.I., et al. - Patients with congenital osseous anomalies of the spine are known to have a high prevalence of abnormalities in the renal system and of the spinal cord. Today, the screening tools of choice to detect these abnormalities include ultrasonography of the kidneys and collecting system and magnetic resonance imaging of the spine...Conclusions: When properly performed, screening magnetic resonance imaging scans of the spine can show renal abnormalities, thus obviating the need for a separate screening renal ultrasound study [more...]

Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 11/06/07

Localization of Dystonic Muscles with 18F-FDG PET/CT in Idiopathic Cervical Dystonia
Sung, D.H., et al. - The purpose of this study was to investigate whether 18F-FDG PET/CT is useful for localizing dystonic cervical muscles in patients with idiopathic cervical dystonia (ICD) by comparing disease severity before and disease severity after botulinum toxin (BT) injection into hypermetabolic muscles...Conclusion: 18F-FDG PET/CT is potentially useful for identifying dystonic cervical muscles for BT therapy in patients with ICD [more...]

The Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 11/05/07

Radiographic joint damage in early rheumatoid arthritis is highly dependent on body mass index
Westhoff, G., et al. - To investigate the association between body mass index (BMI) and radiographic joint damage (using the Ratingen Score [RS]) in early rheumatoid arthritis (RA)...Conclusion: BMI provides a risk estimate of joint damage in RA patients. Further studies are needed to elucidate the association between BMI, RF, and joint damage in RA and the possible role of adipose tissue [more...]

Arthritis & Rheumatism, 11/05/07

Anterior sacral meningocele: management in gynecological practice
Manson, F., et al. - We describe the case of a young woman with anterior sacral meningocele (ASM), initially identified during a routine ultrasound examination and subsequently diagnosed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). ASM is a rare disorder characterized by uni- or multilocular extensions of the meninges from the sacral spinal canal to the retroperitoneal presacral space [more...]

Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 11/05/07

Method for Estimating Skeletal Spongiosa Volume and Active Marrow Mass in the Adult Male and Adult Female
Pichardo, J.C., et al. - Conclusion: This study provides models that can be used to simply, yet accurately, predict total SV in individuals within the clinical setting. The models require only 2 or 3 skeletal measurements that can be easily measured on a pelvic CT scan. Even though this study does not conclusively determine which model is best at predicting TSSV, the sex-specific model is most consistent at providing reasonable estimates of TSSV [more...]

The Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 11/02/07

A Population-based Study of the Fractionation of Palliative Radiotherapy for Bone Metastasis in Ontario
Kong, W., et al. - Conclusions: Despite increasing evidence of the effectiveness of single-fraction PRT for bone metastases, most patients continued to receive fractionated PRT throughout the two decades of this study. Single fractions were used more frequently when waiting times were longer. There was persistent, unexplained variation in the fractionation of PRT among different centers [more...]

International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, 11/01/07

Long-Term Outcomes for Synovial Sarcoma Treated With Conservation Surgery and Radiotherapy
Guadagnolo, B.A., et al. - Conclusions: Synovial sarcoma is adequately controlled at the primary site by conservation surgery and RT. Elective nodal irradiation is not indicated. Rates of development of DM and subsequent death from disease remain high, with no significant improvement in outcomes for this disease in the past four decades [more...]

International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, 11/01/07

Do gender and torus mandibularis affect mandibular cortical index? A cross-sectional study
Uysal, S., et al. - Conclusions: In the study population, MCI was affected by age and gender. As age increased, semilunar defects could be seen on the cortex of the mandible and MCI values increased. Women appeared to have higher MCI values than men [more...]

BMC Medical Imaging , 11/01/07

Cartilage markers and their association with cartilage loss on MRI in knee osteoarthritis: The Boston Osteoarthritis Knee Study
Hunter, D.J., et al. - We used data from a longitudinal observation study to determine if markers of cartilage turnover could serve as predictors of cartilage loss on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). We conducted a study of data from the Boston Osteoarthritis of the Knee Study (BOKS); a completed natural history study of knee osteoarthritis (OA). All subjects in the study met American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria for knee OA [more...]

Arthritis Research & Therapy, 11/01/07

Radiologic Investigation of Rheumatic Diseases
Babyn, P., et al. - This article reviews the current use of the wide variety of imaging modalities now available, presenting the imaging features of common and important causes of acute and chronic rheumatic disorders including juvenile idiopathic arthritis, spondyloarthropathies/enthesitis-related arthritis, sepsis, autoimmune diseases, vasculitis, and osteoporosis [more...]

Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America, 11/01/07