October 04 News Headlines

These are radiology news updates from other sites

Date this page was last updated: 01/07/2007 03:02:50 PM

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October 29, 2004   Long-Term Follow-Up of a Patient With McCune-Albright Syndrome by Whole-Body Bone Scan and SPECT - Clinical Nuclear Medicine A 13-year-old girl with McCune-Albright syndrome underwent serial whole-body bone scans five times over the past eight years to evaluate involvement of fibrous dysplasia. These studies demonstrated incremental extension of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia in the appendicular and axial skeleton and skull base with the passage of time...   Multimodality Imaging in Characterizing the Metastases of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2a - Clinical Nuclear Medicine A 40-year-old man, known to be an index case of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2a (MEN2a), presented with back pain. He had locally recurrent medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) and a history of right adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma. Plain films of the thoracolumbar spine and a Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate (MDP) bone scan showed multiple skeletal metastases... October 28, 2004   Radiological parameters and radiation doses of patients undergoing abdomen, pelvis and lumbar spine X-ray examinations in three Nigerian hospitals - British Journal of Radiology Thermoluminescent dosemeters (TLDs) have been used to measure the entrance surface doses (ESDs) of patients undergoing pelvis, abdomen and lumbar spine diagnostic X-ray examinations in Nigeria. A total of three public hospitals and 171 patients were included in this investigation. The ages of the patients involved were from 40 years to 85 years, while their weights ranged from 64 kg to 73 kg. Mean, median, first and third quartiles of ESDs are reported...

October 27, 2004   Young Athletes With Low Back Pain: Skeletal Scintigraphy of Conditions Other Than Pars Interarticularis Stress - Clinical Nuclear Medicine Conclusion: Skeletal scintigraphy shows uptake abnormalities supportive of diagnoses other than pars interarticularis stress in a significant number of young patients with low back pain. The uptake abnormalities shown are usually stress-related in this select population...   Case Report: Periostitis and Localized Myositis in Polyarteritis Nodosa - Clinical Nuclear Medicine A 20-year-old man with known polyarteritis nodosa was referred for bone scintigraphy to investigate bilateral knee and lower leg pain, which worsened with reduction in steroid dose. Plain radiographs of the hips and lower extremities were normal. Blood pool images showed increased vascularity in the anterolateral muscle compartments of the lower legs, suggestive of localized myositis, which was confirmed with subsequent magnetic resonance imaging and muscle biopsy. Delayed bone scans showed widespread, patchy increase in subperiosteal tracer activity with no evidence of avascular necrosis...   Interesting Presentation of Renal and Adjacent Rib Infection on Bone Scintigraphy: The Additive Value of Tissue Phase Images. - Clinical Nuclear Medicine Apart from being an extremely sensitive diagnostic tool for various skeletal abnormalities, bone scintigraphy not infrequently provides valuable information on many urinary tract abnormalities. Although the exact cause of the abnormality may not be apparent on bone scanning, the abnormal findings should be noted for further workup. The authors present a child with severe renal infection, which initially had an interesting presentation on the tissue phase of bone scintigraphy... October 25, 2004   Crossed Fused Renal Ectopia with Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma - Clinical Nuclear Medicine The patient is an 83-year-old man with a 4-month history of right arm pain. He had no previous history of cancer. Radiographs showed a minimal pathologic fracture of the proximal right humerus with new callus formation at the fracture site. A bone scan was done but did not demonstrate other areas of involvement. However, it was noted that the patient did not appear to have a left kidney, and there were 2 areas of increased uptake in the region of the right kidney...

October 22, 2004   Which facial views for facial trauma? - Emergency Medicine Journal A short cut review was carried out to establish whether a reduced number of facial radiographs had acceptable clinical utility at detecting facial fractures after trauma. Altogether 614 papers were found using the reported search, of which five presented the best evidence to answer the clinical question. The author, date and country of publication, patient group studied, study type, relevant outcomes, results and study weaknesses of these best papers are tabulated. A clinical bottom line is stated... October 19, 2004   Bone Marrow Dosimetry Using Blood-Based Models for Radiolabeled Antibody Therapy: A Multiinstitutional Comparison - The Journal of Nuclear Medicine Conclusion: The independent use of the AAPM/Sgouros method blood model approach to marrow dosimetry has brought these dose estimates to within 30% of the results obtained centrally compared with substantially higher uncertainties reported previously. Variations in calculation methodology or initial assumptions adopted by individual institutions may still contribute significant uncertainty to dose estimates, even when the same data are used as a starting point for the calculation comparison shown here... October 18, 2004   Sacral insufficiency fracture - British Journal of Radiology Insufficiency fractures of the sacrum are not uncommon and usually occur in osteoporotic bone with minimal or unremembered trauma. However, they appear to be relatively under-diagnosed and this pictorial review aims to highlight the condition, discuss the expected imaging features and some of the potential imaging pitfalls. Owing to its relationship with osteoporosis, the majority occur in elderly females and are frequently bilateral, often presenting as low back pain. Plain radiographs are generally normal and both clinician and radiologist need to consider the possibility of sacral insufficiency fracture to allow prompt accurate diagnosis and correct treatment. Lumbar spine MRI is among the first investigations performed and can enable the correct diagnosis to be made. Occasionally the MR appearances can mimic tumour or osteomyelitis... October 15, 2004   Decreased Uptake on 3-Phase Bone Scintigraphy in Posttalar Fracture Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy - Clinical Nuclear Medicine Adult patients with reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD), also known as complex regional pain syndrome, of the foot and ankle characteristically have a 3-phase bone scan pattern consisting of diffusely increased tracer uptake with juxtaarticular accentuation of tracer uptake on late-phase images. The authors present an uncommon case of RSD in an adult in whom decreased activity was demonstrated on early and late phase images of bone scintigraphy in the affected limb...

October 14, 2004   Correlation of MR Lumbar Spine Bone Marrow Perfusion with Bone Mineral Density in Female Subjects - Radiology Conclusion: Significant correlation was found between the peak enhancement ratio of vertebral bone marrow and BMD in postmenopausal female subjects. This result may suggest a vascular component in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis...   Imaging of Periosteal Osteosarcoma: Radiologic-Pathologic Comparison - Radiology Conclusion: The radiologic appearance of periosteal osteosarcoma is a broad-based surface soft-tissue mass causing extrinsic erosion of thickened underlying diaphyseal cortex and perpendicular periosteal reaction extending into the soft-tissue component. Reactive marrow changes are commonly seen at MR imaging, but true marrow invasion is rare... October 13, 2004   High resolution MRI relaxation measurements of water in the articular cartilage of the meniscectomized rat knee at 4.7 T - Magnetic Resonance Imaging Measurements by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the spin-spin (T2), spin-lattice (T1) and spin-density (M0) parameters of water protons, optimized by using the Cramér-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) theory, were made to quantify the effect of surgically induced osteoarthritis on rat knee cartilage at 4.7 T. Partial meniscectomy was performed on the right medial condyle of four Sprague Dawley rats, leaving the left medial condyle as a control...   Apparent diffusion coefficient of intervertebral discs related to matrix composition and integrity - Magnetic Resonance Imaging While tremendous work has been performed to characterize degenerative disc disease through gross morphologic, biochemical, and histologic grading schemes, the development of an accurate and noninvasive diagnostic tool is required to objectively detect changes in the matrix with aging and disc degeneration. In the present study, quantitative magnetic resonance was used to determine if the quality of the nutritional supply to the intervertebral disc at various ages and levels of degeneration could be assessed through measurement of the apparent diffusion coefficients ...   Comparison of high-resolution MRI, optical microscopy and SEM for quantitation of trabecular architecture in the rat femur - Magnetic Resonance Imaging Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used to analyze trabecular bone architecture in femur heads taken from adult Wistar rats. The aim of this study was to validate the use of MRI in assessing trabecular structure and morphology by comparing standard measures of bone morphology in the rat femur obtained from high resolution MRI with those obtained by conventional optical microscopy and by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). MR images were obtained on a Bruker 4.7 T micro-imaging system using a three-dimensional spin echo sequence with spatial resolution of 23 micro m in-plane and a slice thickness of 39 micro m...

October 08, 2004   Contour irregularities of the distal femur caused by developmental, traumatic, and benign cortically-based neoplastic conditions: radiographic and MRI correlation - Clinical Radiology This review illustrates the radiographic and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearances of a variety of entities that result in surface contour abnormalities of the distal femur. Such abnormalities may result from developmental variants expressed in the growing skeleton, from trauma, or from cortically-based tumours...   Reducing the demand for lumbar spine radiography from general practice the impact of a patient designed information poster - Clinical Radiology Conclusion: There are significantly fewer requests for unnecessary lumbar spine examinations following this combined approach of a patient information poster and feedback of audit statistics to general practitioners. However, 90% of requests still cannot be justified using the RCR guidelines...   Three-dimensional realisation of muscle morphology and architecture using ultrasound - Gait and Posture Two-dimensional B-mode ultrasound imaging and motion tracking were combined to generate three-dimensional reconstructions of the medial gastrocnemius. Architectural and morphological features of this muscle could be visualised. The length of the gastrocnemius belly was measured in normally (ND) developing children and in children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy (SDCP) who had plantarflexion contractures...   Temporal bone involvement in Cherubism: Case report - Brazilian Dental Journal Cherubism is a rare benign hereditary fibro-osseous disease involving the mandible and maxilla. We report a case of cherubism in a 10-year-old girl for which the panoramic radiograph was insufficient for diagnosis of the disease. Clinical, histological, and radiological findings were discussed. The CT was taken and it confirmed not only the involvement of the jaws but also of the temporal bone. This was not found in the conventional radiograph... October 07, 2004   Interphalangeal Joint Cartilage: High-Spatial-Resolution in Vivo MR T2 Mapping A Feasibility Study - Radiology The purpose of this study was to evaluate feasibility of magnetic resonance (MR) T2 mapping of the proximal interphalangeal joint of the index finger. Cartilage T2 maps with an in-plane resolution of 39 �m were obtained from five asymptomatic subjects four men and one woman, aged 24-45 years by using a 3.0-T MR imager. Image acquisition time was 9.6 minutes...

October 06, 2004   Imaging of Infected Total Arthroplasty With Tc-99m-labeled Antigranulocyte Antibody Fab' Fragments - Clinical Nuclear Medicine Conclusion: The high negative predictive accuracy in the whole group suggests that the scan can be used to exclude infection in most cases. Negative results with a high clinical suspicion merits further investigation. A positive result will require further correlative imaging, especially for total knee replacement...   Use of Bone SPECT in the Evaluation of Fibrous Dysplasia of the Skull - Clinical Nuclear Medicine The authors present a case of fibrous dysplasia (FD) of the skull in which bone SPECT was useful in addition to CT. CT showed the skull base lesions on the right side with the characteristic signs of FD, such as a ground-glass appearance. Extension of the skull base lesions on bone SPECT was consistent with that seen on CT. The calvarial lesion, which was not seen on CT, even on retrospective examination, was also clearly detected in bone SPECT...   Diffusely Increased Radioactivity in the Left Abdomen on Bone Scan of Patient With Acute Colonic Diverticulitis:: Correlation With CT - Clinical Nuclear Medicine Two days after the onset of acute colonic diverticulitis, a 66-year-old man underwent a Tc-99m hydroxylmethylene diphosphonate (HMDP) bone scan that showed diffusely and extensively increased radioactivity in the left abdomen. This area of increased activity corresponded to the colonic wall thickness and pericolonic inflammation from the descending to sigmoid colon, as seen on accompanying abdominal CT... October 05, 2004   Diagnosis of Arthritis Using Near-Infrared Fluorochrome Cy5.5 - Investigative Radiology Near-infrared range fluorescence (NIRF) imaging is a potential tool to diagnose biologic processes in vivo. This applicability study sought to define whether imaging with fluorochrome Cy5.5 can identify arthritis in murine antigen-induced arthritis (AIA)...Conclusion: NIRF imaging with Cy5.5 can identify arthritic joints in vivo, likely due to nonspecific deposition...   Application of ultrasound in the diagnosis and management of paediatric hip conditions - Current Orthopedics In comparison to adults, the skeleton of the neonate has a higher ratio of cartilage to bone, making it well suited to examination by ultrasound. Cartilage can be easily distinguished from soft tissue, thus offering a substantial advantage over the plain radiograph. Furthermore, using ultrasound as the primary investigation avoids exposure to ionising radiation. Ultrasound is both a multiplanar and a dynamic imaging technique...   The application of radiography to field studies in physical anthropology - Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal The most significant advantage of radiography is that it provides a nondestructive technique for evaluating skeletal and mummified remains derived from an archaeological context. Unlike external examination of skeletal structures, it allows for the detection of underlying pathologic lesions, such as endosteal lesions or Harris lines

October 04, 2004   Increased Uptake in Tc-99m MDP Scan of Sacral Chordoma:: An Unusual Presentation - Clinical Nuclear Medicine Chordoma is a malignant tumor arising from the remnants of the notochord. Approximately 50% of chordomas occur in the sacrococcygeal region. They are most common in the 50- to 60-year age group, and in men rather than in women. The earliest and most common symptom of sacral chordoma is sacral pain radiating to the legs. Other complaints include constipation and presence of a mass. The authors present a case of histologically proved sacral chordoma with bowel and bladder involvement. Most sacral tumors show increased uptake on radionuclide scintigraphy except chordomas, which usually have decreased uptake...   An audit of the management of suspected scaphoid fractures in the accident and emergency department - Clinical Radiology Conclusions: It is feasible to provide an early MRI examination for suspected scaphoid fracture at our institution. Early MR scaphoid imaging has improved the service by early detection of scaphoid fracture thus reducing unnecessary radiation and immobilization in a young patient group. It has also reduced unnecessary referral to fracture clinic ... October 01, 2004   Use of multidetector computed tomography in the evaluation of spinal trauma - Applied Radiology Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) is playing an increasing role in the evaluation of spinal trauma. Other imaging modalities, such as flexion/extension films and magnetic resonance imaging, are rarely likely to contribute significantly to the diagnosis. Evaluation in certain cases should include concurrent computed tomographic angiography of the neck