Ped AM Questions

Ped AM Questions

1: Please answer the following with TRUE or FALSE

a.	T or F	Leukemia results in lucent metaphyseal bands.
b.	T or F	Heavy metal intoxication, also, leads to lucent metaphyseal bands.
c.	T or F	Hypervitaminosis A results in cortical thickening of long bones.

2: Which of the following is not typical of the Beckwith-Wiedemman Syndrome?

A	Macroglossia
B	Gigantism
C	Omphalocele
D	Hepatomegaly
E	Hepatic cysts.

3: Please answer the following regarding glycogen storage diseases with TRUE or FALSE.

a.	T or F	Glycogen storage diseases are autosomal recessive.
b.	T or F	Von Gierke Disease results in deposition of glycogen in the liver, kidneys and intestines.
c.	T or F	Patients with Pompe disease typically die secondary to cirrhosis.
d.	T or F	Patients with von Gierke disease have increased risk of hepatic adenoma and hepatoma..

4: Which of the following is not a finding typical of Down syndrome (trisomy 21)?

A	Endocardial cushion defect.
B	Hirschsrpung's disease.
C	Multiple sternal ossification centers.
D	Biliary atresia.
E	Choroid plexus cyst

5: Please answer the following regarding pediatric liver tumors with TRUE or FALSE

a.	T or F	Hemangioendothelioma causes congestive heart failure.
b.	T or F	Hepatoblastoma often demonstrates fine granular calcifications.
c.	T or F	Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma has a central scar.
d.	T or F	Hepatocellular carcinoma has increased incidence in patients with glycogen storage diseases.

6: Regarding trisomy 18 (Edward syndrome) please answer the following with TRUE or FALSE.

a.	T or F	On obstetrical ultrasound, a clenched hand with overlapping fingers is common.
b.	T or F	A 0.5 cm choroidal cyst on obstertical ultrasound is highly suspicious.
c.	T or F	Abnormal face with micrognathia is common.
d.	T or F	Congenital heart disease is uncommon.
e.	T or F	Fetuses are large for gestational age.

7: A CXR shows an apparent right anterior oblique view of the heart on a well-centered frontal CXR with normal appearing ribs and pulmonary vasculature. What is the most likely cause?

A	Poor positioning.
B	Pectus excavatum.
C	Absence of the left pulmonary artery.
D	Absence of the left pericardium.
E	Mitral stenosis.

8: A small for gestational age neonate has a continuous murmur and humeri with streaked metaphyseal lines. What is the most likely of the following?

A	Osteopetrosis.
B	Congenital syphilis
C	Cogenital rubella
D	Cretnism
E	Fibromatosis

9: Which of the following is the most common cause of CHF in the first week of life?

A	Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome
B	Totally Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return
C	Tricuspid atresia
D	Pulmonary stenosis with intact ventricular septum.
E	Pulmonary stenosis without intact ventricular septum.

10: Please answer the following with TRUE or FALSE.

a.	T or F	The Fontan procedure is a repair for tricuspid atresia.
b.	T or F	The Norwood procedure is common in transposition of the great arteries.
c.	T or F	A right ventricle to pulmonary artery conduit is the procedure of choice for tricuspid atresia.
d.	T or F	Waterston-Cooley procedure is a palliative procedure for Tetralogy of Fallot.

11: Please answer the following regarding midgut volvulus with TRUE or FALSE.

a.	T or F	It has a high incidence in the first month of life. .
b.	T or F	Malrotation is associated with trisomy 21.
c.	T or F	Intramural gastric and duodenal air and portal venous air is common .
d.	T or F	Barium enema shows edema of the transverse colon with a cecum that is normal in location and appearance.

12: A child presents with cervical adenopathy, rash, skin changes in his palms, a large heart, and interstitial edema. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A	Henoch Schonlein purpura
B	Goodpasture's syndrome
C	Takayasu's disease
D	Kawasaki's disease

13: Which of the following is the most common presentation of Hodgkin lymphoma?

A	Cervical adenopathy
B	Subcarinal adenopathy
C	Hilar adenopathy
D	Pleural effusion
E	Parenchymal pulmonary disease

14: Which of the following is the most common cause of scrotal calcifications on an abdominal plain film in a young male?

A	Hematoma
B	Teratoma
C	Meconium peritonitis
D	Seminoma.
E	Torsion

15: What would be the least likely finding in a 2-day-old with coarctation of the aorta?

A	Unilateral rib notching
B	Cardiomegaly
C	Pulmonary venous hypertension
D	Bicuspid aortic valve

16: A child has a history of repaired high imperforate anus. He now has a urinary tract infection. What is the most likely cause?

A	Vesicoureteral reflux
B	Rectourethral fistula
C	Neurogenic bladder
D	Posterior urethral valves.

17: Regarding Alagille syndrome, please answer the following with TRUE or FALSE

a.	T or F	Alagille syndrome describes isolated hypoplasia of the interlobular bile ducts.
b.	T or F	Butterfly vertebrae and abnormal facies are part of the syndrome.
c.	T or F	Patients typicaly present in adulthood with jaundice.
d.	T or F	Clinical presentation and radiographic appearance mimic biliary artresia.

18: Please answer the following regarding round pneumonia with TRUE or FALSE

a.	T or F	Round pneumonia is typically due to gram positive bacteria.
b.	T or F	Round pneumonia typically occurs in the upper lobes.
c.	T or F	Round pneumonia is more common in adults.
d.	T or F	Pneumonia appears round due to the small size of the alveoli in a child.

19: Which of the following is associated with a napkin ring trachea?

A	Pulmonary sling
B	Double aortic arch
C	Right aortic arch
D	Left aortic arch with aberrant right subclavian artery

20: Please answer the following regarding tuberculosis in the pediatric patient with TRUE or FALSE

a.	T or F	It presents with enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes.
b.	T or F	The primary pulmonary focus is often subpleural.
c.	T or F	Pleural effusion suggests a different diagnosis.
d.	T or F	A milliary pattern is more common in very young children.

21: Which would be the least likely location for ectopic parathyroid tissue?

A	Within the thyroid gland.
B	In the AP window.
C	Within the thymus
D	Posterior to the innominate vein.

22: Which of the following is not a finding of hypoperfusion syndrome in a child?

A	Dilatation of the bowel with fluid.
B	Decreased size of the great vessels
C	Delayed nephrogram
D	Fluid in the peritoneal cavity

23: A one-day old neonate presents with bilious vomiting. An abdominal film demonstrates air within the distended stomach and duodenum with a small amount of air in the distal small bowel. The patient has a normal barium enema (specifically, there is no evidence of microcolon.) Which of the following would be the least likely diagnoses?

A	Duodenal atresia
B	Preduodenal portal vein
C	Midgut volvulus
D	Duodenal web
E	Pyloric stenosis

24: Exstrophy of the bladder is not associated with which of the following?

A	UVJ obstruction
B	Segmental sacral agenesis.
C	Epispadias
D	Pelvic symphysis diastasis
E	Abdominal muscle deficiency

25: Which of the following is not associated with Prune Belly syndrome?

A	Cryptorchidism
B	Hydroureteronephrosis
C	Diastasis of the symphysis pubis
D	Patent urachus.

26: Which of the following is the most common renal mass in a 2-month old?

A	Rhabdomyosarcoma
B	Wilms tumor
C	Mesoblastic nephroma
D	Neuroblastoma
E	Medullary cystic disease (junvenile nephropthisis)

27: Please answer the following regarding meconium plug syndrome with TRUE or FALSE:

a.	T or F	Commonly occurs with cystic fibrosis.
b.	T or F	High association with maternal diabetes mellitus .
c.	T or F	Simulates aganglionosis.
d.	T or F	Barium enema will show a microcolon.

28: Infantile polycystic kidney disease is due to dilatation of which of the following structures?

A	Proximal tubules
B	Loop of Henle
C	Collecting tubules
D	Distal tubules

29: Please answer the following regarding neuroblastoma and Wilms tumor with TRUE or FALSE.

a.	T or F	There is a higher incidence of calcification with neuroblastoma.
b.	T or F	Neuroblastoma has increased incidence of lung metastases.
c.	T or F	Neuroblastoma more often demonstrates vascular encasement.
d.	T or F	Neuroblastoma is more common in the abdomen than Wilms tumor.

30: Please answer the following regarding croup with TRUE or FALSE.

a.	T or F	Croup characteristically narrows the supraglottic airway.
b.	T or F	Croup tends to involve younger patients than epiglottitis.
c.	T or F	Croup is caused by H Influenza.
d.	T or F	Staphylococcus aureus is the most common cause of membranous croup.
e.	T or F	A lateral view is necessary to exclude epiglottitis.

31: Please answer the following regarding necrotizing enterocolitis with TRUE or FALSE.

a.	T or F	It results in 60% mortality.
b.	T or F	It most commonly affects the descending colon.
c.	T or F	Air in the portal venous system is always fatal.
d.	T or F	Strictures occur in 10-25% of patients.
e.	T or F	Barium enema can be helpful to exclude other diagnoses.

32: Which of the following is true regarding esophageal atresia/ tracheoesophageal fistula.

A	Esophageal atresia is often detected in utero as oilgohydramnios.
B	Esophageal atresia is associated with a tracheoesophageal fistula in >90% of cases.
C	The N-type fistula typically presents in adulthood.
D	Bowel gas is a rare finding.

33: Regarding intussusception which of the following is true.

A	Ileo-colic is the most common type.
B	It most commonly occurs from 18 months to 5 years of age.
C	A lead point is identified in 25% of pediatric patients.

34: Which of the following is NOT a common cause of pancreatitis in the pediatric patient?

A	Choledochal cyst
B	Parathyroid adenoma
C	Henoch-Schonlein purpura
D	L Asparaginase Therapy.
E	Trauma

35: Which of the following does not result in hydrops of the gallbladder?

A	Kawasaki's disease
B	Sepsis
C	TPN
D	Neonatal hepatitis
E	Extra-hepatic biliary atresia

36: Regarding Potter syndrome please answer the following with TRUE or FALSE

a.	T or F	Results in typical facies.
b.	T or F	Can be diagnosed by polyhydramnios.
c.	T or F	More common in males.
d.	T or F	Associated with club foot deformity.

37: Which of the following organisms is not associated with cystic fibrosis?

A	Pseudomonas
B	Klebsiella
C	Staphylococcus Aureus
D	Haemophilus
E	Aspergillus

38: Please answer the following regarding congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation with TRUE or FALSE.

a.	T or F	Classically presents with resipratory distress in the neonate.
b.	T or F	It has upper lobe predominance.
c.	T or F	It is associated with other congenital abnormalities.
d.	T or F	The microcystic type has the best prognosis.

39: Please answer the following with TRUE or FALSE regarding the meconium plug syndrome.

a.	T or F	Commonly occurs with cystic fibrosis.
b.	T or F	Secondary to obstruction by meconium.
c.	T or F	Barium enema demonstrates a normal descending colon.
d.	T or F	Can be differentiated from Hirschsprungs by normal distensibility of the rectum.

40: Regarding congenital diaphragmatic hernia, please answer the following with TRUE or FALSE

a.	T or F	Intestinal malrotation is a common association.
b.	T or F	Morgagni hernias are more common.
c.	T or F	ECMO allows normal development of the pulmonary acini.
d.	T or F	The ipsilateral lung eventually becomes normal in size.

41: Which ONE of the following is not suspicious for child abuse?

A	Metaphyseal chip fracture
B	Metaphyseal cupping
C	Single long bone fracture
D	Multiple fractures in different stages of healing
E	Rib and scapular fractues.