•Palmer classification for triangular fibrocartilage complex abnormalities

 

Class 1: Traumatic

•A - Central perforation

•B - Ulnar avulsion

•C - Distal avulsion

•D - Radial avulsion with or without sigmoid notch fracture

 

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Class 2: Degenerative (ulnocarpal abutment syndrome) stage

•A - TFCC wear

•B - TFCC wear with lunate and/or ulnar chondromalacia

•C - TFCC perforation with lunate and/or ulnar chondromalacia

•D - TFCC perforation with lunate and/or ulnar chondromalacia and LT ligament perforation

•E - TFCC perforation with lunate and/or ulnar chondromalacia, LT ligament perforation, and ulnocarpal arthritis